Russian forces have lost 1,000 troops a-day to a ferocious defence from Ukrainian troops and defiant citizen warriors, according to official Ukrainian numbers.
The loss of 11,000 soldiers, sailors and airmen by day 11 of the invasion has been a massive blow to Moscow, which is now calling up reserves.
Defence experts usually calculate invading commanders usually need an advantage in numbers of around three to one to attack a defending force.
In house to house combat in inner cities, which is what Moscow is attempting, this calculation can be as many as four to one needed.
It is estimated that Russia began the invasion with around 230,000 troops, in Belarus to the north, on the eastern flank and offshore in the Black Se
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